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A. numeral + measure word + noun (phrase A)yí wèi māma
1. 一位妈妈
a mother
yí ge rén
2. 一个人
a person
yī 、èr 、liǎng ge rén
3. 一、二、两个人。
one, two, two persons.
yī 、èr 、sān ,sān zhī gǒu
4. 一、二、三,三只狗。
one, two, three, three dogs.
bàn ge dàn gāo
5. 半个蛋糕
half a cake
yí ge dàn gāo
6. 一个蛋糕
a cake
yì gōng jīn mǐ
7. 一公斤米
a kilogram of rice (uncooked)
bàn gōng jīn cài
8. 半公斤菜
half a kilogram of vegetable
wǔ gōng jīn ròu
9. 五公斤肉
five kilograms of meat
B. phrase A + verb + noun
Note: A Chinese verb does not conjugate, it does not change its form to show the time (past, present or future) at which an action happened. The following sentences were chosen to be translated in English's simple present tense forms. However, the same sentence in different contexts may represent different action times.
yí ge rén mài dōngxi 。
1. 一个人卖东西。
A person sells things./ sell things alone
liǎng ge rén mǎi dōngxi 。
2. 两个人买东西。
Two persons buy things.
shí ge rén zhǔ dōngxi 。
3. 十个人煮东西。
Ten persons cook (things).
sān ge rén chī dōngxi 。
4. 三个人吃东西。
Three persons eat (things).
C. personal pronoun + numeral 俩& nbsp;(=两个人, 2 persons) + adverb 不 + verb + noun/ phrase A
tāmen liǎ mǎi jiǔ gōngjīn mǐ 。
1. 他们俩买九公斤米。
Two of them buy nine kilograms of rice.
tā liǎ mǎi bàn gōngjīn mǐ 。
2. 他俩买半公斤米。
Both of them buy half a kilogram of rice.
wǒ liǎ mài cài 。
3. 我俩卖菜。
Two of us sell vegetables. (not include listener)
tā liǎ mài mǐ 。
4. 她俩卖米。
Two of them sell rice.
wǒmen liǎ zuò cài 。
5. 我们俩做菜。
Two of us cook. (not include listener)
wǒ liǎ bù chīfàn 。
6. 我俩不吃饭。
Two of us don't (want to) eat rice (cooked).
nǐ liǎ chī dàn gāo ma ?
7. 你俩吃蛋糕吗?
Do two of you (want to) eat cake?
nǐmen liǎ chī fàn ma ?
8. 你们俩吃饭 吗?
Do two of you eat rice?/ Do two of you want to eat rice?
wǒ liǎ chī dàn gāo ,bù chī fàn 。
9. 我俩吃蛋糕, 不吃饭。
Two of us want to eat cake, don't want to eat rice?
zán liǎ shì lǎo xiāng 。
10. 咱俩是老乡。
Two of us (you and me, listener included) are friends from the same homeland.
D. personal pronoun/ noun + phrase A + verb + noun/ phrase A
māma yí ge rén chī fàn 。
1. 妈妈一个人吃 饭。
Mother eats rice alone i.e. Mother eats alone/ Mother is having a meal alone.
wǒ yí ge rén chī bàn ge dàn gāo 。
2. 我一个人吃半个蛋糕。
I eat half a cake alone.
tā yí ge rén mài dōng xi 。
3. 他一个人卖东 西。
He sells things alone.
E. personal pronoun/ noun/ phrase A + verb + 了+ noun/ phrase A
Note: 了after a verb indicates a completed action but it does not show the time (past, present or future) at which the action happened. Therefore, the same sentence may represent present perfect, past perfect or future perfect in different contexts. The following sentences were chosen to be translated in English's present perfect tense forms.
gūgu zhǔ le liù gōngjīn ròu 。
1. 姑姑煮了六公斤肉。
Aunt (father's sister) has cooked six kilograms of meat.
tā liǎ chī le bàn ge dàngāo 。
2. 他俩吃了半个蛋糕。
Two of them has eaten half a cake.
yí ge nánrén mǎi le qī gōngjīn cài 。
3. 一个男人买 了七公斤菜。
A man has bought seven kilograms of vegetables.
yí ge nǚrén mǎi le yí ge dàngāo 。
4. 一个女人买 了一个蛋糕。
A woman has bought a cake.
tā liǎ mǎi le shí gōng jīn mǐ 、sān gōng jīn ròu hé jiǔ gōng jīn cài 。
5. 他俩买了十公斤米、三公斤肉和九公斤菜。
Two of them has bought ten kilograms of rice, three kilograms of meat and nine kilograms of
vegetables.
yí ge māma mǎi le sì gōngjīn miàntiáo 、wǔ gōngjīn miànfěn 。
6. 一个妈妈买 了四公斤面条、五公斤面粉。
A mother has bought four kilograms of noodles, five kilograms of flour.
wǒmen jiǔ ge rén chī le liù gōngjīn ròu 、bā gōngjīn cài hé qī ge dàngāo 。
7. 我们九个人吃了六公斤肉、八公斤菜和七个蛋糕。
Nine of us has eaten six kilograms of meat, eight kilograms of vegetables and seven cakes.
F. personal pronoun/ noun/ phrase A + phrase A + verb + 了+ noun/ phrase A
bàba yí ge rén chī le yí ge dàngāo 。
1. 爸爸一个人吃 了一个蛋糕。
Father has eaten a cake alone.
gēge 、dìdi liǎng ge rén chī le shí wǎn fàn 。
2. 哥哥、弟弟两个人吃 了十碗饭。
Both Elder Brother and Younger Brother have eaten ten bowls of rice.
tāmen yì jiārén chī le shí gōngjīn ròu 。
3. 他们一家人吃 了十公斤肉。
All of their family members have eaten ten kilograms of meat.
yí ge māma yí ge rén mǎi le shí ge dàngāo 。
4. 一个妈妈 一个人 买了 十个蛋糕。
A mother has bought ten cakes alone.
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