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A. numeral + measure word + noun (phrase A)

    yí wèi māma
1. 一妈妈
    a mother

    yí ge rén
2. 一
    a person

    yī 、èr 、liǎng ge rén 
3. 一、二、两
    one, two, two persons.

    yī 、èr 、sān ,sān zhī gǒu 
4. 一、二、三,三
    one, two, three, three dogs.

    bàn ge dàn gāo
5. 半蛋糕
    half a cake

    yí ge dàn gāo
6. 一蛋糕
    a cake

    yì gōng jīn mǐ
7. 一公斤
    a kilogram of rice (uncooked)

    bàn gōng jīn cài
8. 半公斤
    half a kilogram of vegetable

    wǔ gōng jīn ròu
9. 五公斤
    five kilograms of meat

B. phrase A + verb + noun

Note: A Chinese verb does not conjugate, it does not change its form to show the time (past, present or future) at which an action happened. The following sentences were chosen to be translated in English's simple present tense forms. However, the same sentence in different contexts may represent different action times.

    yí ge rén mài dōngxi 。
1. 一个人东西
    A person sells things./ sell things alone  

    liǎng ge rén mǎi dōngxi 。
2. 两个人东西
    Two persons buy things.

    shí ge rén zhǔ dōngxi 。
3. 十个人东西
    Ten persons cook (things).

    sān ge rén chī dōngxi 。
4. 三个人东西
    Three persons eat (things).

C. personal pronoun  + numeral 俩& nbsp;(=两个人, 2 persons) + adverb 不 + verb + noun/ phrase A 

    tāmen liǎ mǎi jiǔ gōngjīn mǐ 。
1. 他们九公斤米
    Two of them buy nine kilograms of rice.

    tā liǎ mǎi bàn gōngjīn mǐ 。
2. 他半公斤米
    Both of them buy half a kilogram of rice.

    wǒ liǎ mài cài 。
3. 我
    Two of us sell vegetables. (not include listener)

    tā liǎ mài mǐ 。
4. 她
    Two of them sell rice.

    wǒmen liǎ zuò cài 。
5. 我们
    Two of us cook. (not include listener)

    wǒ liǎ bù chīfàn 。
6. 我不吃
    Two of us don't (want to) eat rice (cooked).

    nǐ liǎ chī dàn gāo ma ?
7. 你蛋糕吗?
   Do two of you (want to) eat cake?

    nǐmen liǎ chī fàn ma ?
8. 你们 吗?
    Do two of you eat rice?/ Do two of you want to eat rice?

    wǒ liǎ chī dàn gāo ,bù chī fàn 。
9. 我蛋糕, 不吃
    Two of us want to eat cake, don't want to eat rice?

    zán liǎ shì lǎo xiāng 。
10. 咱老乡
    Two of us (you and me, listener included) are friends from the same homeland

D. personal pronoun/ noun + phrase A + verb + noun/ phrase A

    māma yí ge rén chī fàn 。
1. 妈妈一个人吃 饭。
    Mother eats rice alone i.e. Mother eats alone/ Mother is having a meal alone.

    wǒ yí ge rén chī bàn ge dàn gāo 。
2. 我一个人半个蛋糕
    I eat half a cake alone.

    tā yí ge rén mài dōng xi 。
3. 他一个人卖东 西。
    He sells things alone.

E. personal pronoun/ noun/ phrase A + verb + 了+  noun/ phrase A
 Note: 了after a verb indicates a completed action but it does not show the time (past, present or future) at which the action happened. Therefore, the same sentence may represent present perfect, past perfect or future perfect in different contexts.  The following sentences were chosen to be translated in English's present perfect tense forms.

    gūgu zhǔ le liù gōngjīn ròu 。
1. 姑姑煮了六公斤肉
    Aunt (father's sister) has cooked six kilograms of meat.

    tā liǎ chī le bàn ge dàngāo 。
2. 他俩吃了半个蛋糕
    Two of them has eaten half a cake.

    yí ge nánrén mǎi le qī gōngjīn cài 。
3. 一个男人买 了七公斤菜
    A man has bought seven kilograms of vegetables.

    yí ge nǚrén mǎi le yí ge dàngāo 。
4. 一个女人买 了一个蛋糕
    A woman has bought a cake.

    tā liǎ mǎi le shí gōng jīn mǐ 、sān gōng jīn ròu hé jiǔ gōng jīn cài 。
5. 他俩买了十公斤米三公斤肉九公斤菜
    Two of them has bought ten kilograms of rice, three kilograms of meat and nine kilograms of
    vegetables.

    yí ge māma mǎi le sì gōngjīn miàntiáo 、wǔ gōngjīn miànfěn 。
6. 一个妈妈买 了四公斤面条五公斤面粉
    A mother has bought four kilograms of noodles, five kilograms of flour.

    wǒmen jiǔ ge rén chī le liù gōngjīn ròu 、bā gōngjīn cài hé qī ge dàngāo 。
7. 我们九个人吃了六公斤肉八公斤菜七个蛋糕
    Nine of us has eaten six kilograms of meat, eight kilograms of vegetables and seven cakes.

F. personal pronoun/ noun/ phrase A + phrase A verb + 了+ noun/ phrase A

    bàba yí ge rén chī le yí ge dàngāo 。
1. 爸爸一个人吃 了一个蛋糕
    Father has eaten a cake alone.

    gēge 、dìdi liǎng ge rén chī le shí wǎn fàn 。
2. 哥哥、弟弟两个人吃 了十碗饭
    Both Elder Brother and Younger Brother have eaten ten bowls of rice.

    tāmen yì jiārén chī le shí gōngjīn ròu 。
3. 他们一家人吃 了十公斤肉
    All of their family members have eaten ten kilograms of meat.

    yí ge māma  yí ge rén mǎi le shí ge dàngāo 。
4. 一个妈妈       一个人    买了   十个蛋糕
    A mother has bought ten cakes alone.

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